Synthesis of Supercapacitor from Cocoa Fruit Peel Activated Carbon for Energy Storage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jif.14.2.86-94.2022Keywords:
cocoa, activated carbon , supercapacitors, energy storage, physical propertiesAbstract
The supercapacitor electrode has been synthesized using activated carbon from cocoa pods. Activated carbon was prepared by first drying the raw materials under the sunlight and followed by oven drying, pre-carbonization, milling, sieving, and chemical activation with 0.3 M and 0.4 M KOH solution. After chemical activation, the activated carbon was printed into pellet form, carbonized at a temperature of 600 °C, followed by physical activation at a temperature of 700 °C for four hours before polishing. We found that the optimum conditions are 700 °C and 0.4 M. The density of the obtained carbon electrode is 0.810 g/cm3. The SEM micrographs show the formation of pores with a diameter of 0.44 μm and 0.98 μm. The carbon content in the electrode sample measured using electron dispersive spectroscopy is 91.49%. The XRD data shows that the carbon electrode is amorphous with a diffraction angle (2θ) at 23.569° and 44.781°. The optimum specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is 140.2 F/g obtained for the sample activated for 2.5 hours.
Downloads
References
Afrianda, A., Taer, E. & Taslim, R. (2017). Pemanfaatan Ampas Sagu Sebagai Elektroda Karbon Superkapasitor. Jurnal Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia, 14(2), 1119-1124.
Armynah, B., Taer, E., Djafar, Z., Piarah, W. H. & Tahir, D. (2019). Effect of temperature on physical and electrochemical properties of the monolithic carbon-based bamboo leaf to enhanced surface area and specific capacitance of the supercapacitor. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 14, 7076–7087. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20964/2019.08.59
Basri, N. H., Deraman, M., Suleman, M., Nor, N. S. M., Dolah, B. N. M., Sahri, M. I. & Shamsudin, S. A. (2016). Energy and Power of Supercapacitor Using Carbon Electrode Deposited with Nanoparticles Nickel Oxide. Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 11, 95 – 110.
Boyea, J. M., Camacho, R. E., Turano, S. & Ready, W. J. (2007). Carbon Nanotube-Based Supercapacitors: Technologies and Markets. Nanotechnology Law and Business, 4(1), 585 -593.
Clearfield, A., Reibenspies, J. H. & Bhuvanesh, N. (2008). Principles and applications of Powder Diffraction. Singapore, John Wiley and Sons. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444305487
Farma, R., Deraman, M., Awitdrus, A., Talib, I. A., Taer, E., Basri, N., Manjunatha, J. G. G., Ishak, M., Dolah, B. N. M. & Hashmi, S. A. (2013). Preparation of highly porous binderless activated carbon electrodes from fibres of oil palm empty fruit bunches for application in supercapacitors. Bioresource Technology, 132, 254–261. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.044
Ferreira, C. S., Passos, R. R. & Pocrifka, L. A. (2014). Synthesis and Properties of Ternary Mixture of Nikel/Cobalt/Tin Oxides for Supercapacitor. Power Sources, 271, 104-107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.164
Frackowiak, E. (2006). Supercapacitors Based on Carbon Materials and Ionic Liquids. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 17(6), 1074-1082. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532006000600003
Fuhu, L., Weidong, C., Zengmin, S., Yixian, W., Yunfang, L. & Hui, L. (2010). Activation of mesocarbon microbeads with different textures and their application for supercapacitor. Fuel Processing Technology, 91(1), 17–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.08.020
Liu, N.-p., Shen, J., Guan, D.-Y., Liu, D., Zhou, X.-W. & Li, Y.-j. (2013). Effect Of Carbon Aerogel Activation On Electrode Lithium Insertion Performance. Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin., 29(5), 966-972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3866/PKU.WHXB201302281
Muchammadsam, I. D., Taer, E. & Farma, R. (2015). Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Karbon aktif Monolit dari Kayu Karet dengan variasi Konsentrasi KOH untuk Aplikasi Superkapasitor. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa FMIPA, 2(1), 8-13.
Rosi, M., Iskandar, F., Abdullah, M. & Khairurrijal, K. (2013). Synthesis and Characterization of Supercapacitor Using Nano-sized ZnO/Nanoporous Carbon Electrodes and PVA-based Polymer-Hydrogel Electrolytes. Materials Science Forum, 737, 191-196. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.737.191
Rosi, M., Iskandar, F., Abdullah, M. & Khairurrijal, K. (2014). Hydrogel-Polymer Electrolytes Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Hydroxyethylcellulose for Supercapacitor Applications. Electrochemical Science, 9, 4251-4256.
Tadda, M. A., Ahsan, A., Shitu, A., Elsergany, M., Thirugnnasambantham, A., Jose, B., Razzaque, M. A. & Norsyahariati, N. D. N. (2016). A review on activated carbon: process, application and prospects. Journal of Advanced Civil Engineering Practice and Research, 2(1), 7-13.
Taer, E., Dewi, P., Sugianto, S., Syech, R., Taslim, R., Salomo, S., Susanti, Y., Purnama, A., Apriwandi, A., Agustino, A. & Setiadi, R. N. (2018). The synthesis of carbon electrode supercapacitor from durian shell based on variations in the activation time. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1927, 030026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5021219
Taer, E., Susanti, Y., Awitdrus, A., Sugianto, S., Taslim, R., Setiadi, R. N., Bahri, S., Agustino, A., Dewi, P. & Kurniasih, B. (2018). The effect of CO2 activation temperature on the physical and electrochemical properties of activated carbon monolith from banana stem waste. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1927, 030016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5021209
Taer, E., Yusra, H., Iwantono, I. & Taslim, R. (2016). Analisa Dimensi, Densitas Dan Kapasitansi Spesifik Elektroda Karbon Superkapasitor Dari Bunga Rumput Gajah Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Pengaktivan KOH. Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya, 1(1), 55-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21009/SPEKTRA.011.09
Tetra, O. N., Aziz, H., Emriadi, Ibrahim, S. & Alif, A. (2018). Supercapacitors based on activated carbon and Ionic solution as electrolyte. Jurnal Zarah, 6(1), 39-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31629/zarah.v6i1.293
Wang, G., Zhang, L. & Zhang, J. (2012). A review of electrode materials for electrochemical supercapacitors. Chemical Society Reviews 41(2), 797–828. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15060J
Wijaya, M. & Wiharto, M. (2017). Karakterisasi Kulit buah kakao untuk karbon aktif dan bahan Kimia yang ramah Lingkungan. Jurnal Kimia dan Pendidikan Kimia, 2(1), 66-71.
Yetri, Y., Mursida, M., Dahlan, D., Muldarisnur, M., Taer, E. & Febrielviyenti, F. (2020). Analysis of Characteristics of Activated Carbon from Cacao (Theobroma cacao) Skin Waste for Supercapacitor Electrodes. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 990, 012023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/990/1/012023
Yusriwandi, Y., Taer, E. & Farma, R. (2017). Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Elektroda Karbon Aktif Dengan Karbonisasi Dan Aktivasi Bertingkat Menggunakan Gas CO2 dan Uap Air. Jurnal Ilmiah Edu Research, 6(1), 21-26.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Rahma Fikri Nuradi, Mulda Muldarisnur, Yuli Yetri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Please find the rights and licenses in JIF (Jurnal Ilmu Fisika).
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
2. Author's Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
JIF's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, JIF permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and JIF on distributing works in the journal.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- Copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- The right to self-archive the article.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or JIF upon two months's notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party's notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of JIF.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by JIF or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
JIF will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article's editorial process is successfully completed and JIF or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. JIF may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that it deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers.
