Ionospheric Irregularities Related to Scintillation During Geomagnetic Storm in March, April, 2023 Over Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jif.17.1.78-87.2025Keywords:
ionosphere, geomagnetic storm, scintillation, TEC, ROTIAbstract
This study aims to analyze ionospheric irregularities in plasma structures on scales above 400 meters–several kilometers associated with scintillation using GPS satellite signal observation techniques. This study was conducted in the Indonesian region during the main phase of a strong category geomagnetic storm on March 23-24 and April 23-24, 2023 using Total Electron Content (TEC) and Rate of TEC Index (ROTI), from GPS receiver observations in Manado (1.34˚N-124.82˚E; -7.91˚S), Kupang (10.16˚S-123.67˚E; -19.38˚S), Bandung (6.9˚S- 107.6˚E; 17.5˚S) and Biak (1.0˚S-136.0˚E; 12.18˚S). The results showed that during the geomagnetic storm on March 23-24, plasma irregularities, characterized by irregularities on a scale of more than 400 meters and evidenced by an increase in ROTI, were largely suppressed at all observation sites except Bandung. Likewise, most stations did not show a substantial increase in ROTI values in the subsequent storm on April 23-24, 2023, indicating continued suppression except for the Manado station. Furthermore, changes in TEC variations in response to the March 23-24 storm indicate that stations in Biak and Manado experienced positive storms (increase in TEC), while stations Bandung and Kupang experienced negative storms (decrease in TEC). In contrast, during the storm on April 23–24, 2023, all locations reported positive storms.
Downloads
References
Abe, O. E., Migoya-Orué, Y. O., & Radicella, S. M. (2023). Correlation analysis of normalized ROTI and S4 as observed during different geomagnetic conditions of the 2013 September equinox over the stations within EIA African sector. Advances in Space Research, 72(3), 762–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASR.2022.09.058
Adekoya, B. J., Chukwuma, V. U., Adebiyi, S. J., Adebesin, B. O., Ikubanni, S. O., Bolaji, O. S., Oladunjoye, H. T., & Bisuga, O. O. (2023). Ionospheric storm effects in the EIA region in the American and Asian-Australian sectors during geomagnetic storms of October 2016 and September 2017. Advances in Space Research, 72(4), 1237–1265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.04.016
Aol, S., Buchert, S., & Jurua, E. (2020). Ionospheric irregularities and scintillations: a direct comparison of in situ density observations with ground-based L-band receivers. Earth, Planets and Space, 72(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-020-01294-z
Asnawi, H., Buldan, M., Joni, E., & Dyah, R. M. (2021). Test of velocity-displacement estimation using variometric method under the condition of ionospheric scintillation during equinoctial months of solar maximum period 2012. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 16(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.5897/ijps2020.4921
Chen, D., Guo, W., Xie, Z., Xia, P., Luo, X., Ye, S., Jiang, W., & Liu, H. (2023). Ionospheric Irregularities Responses to Strong Geomagnetic Storms in Hong Kong Region Over The Past Two Solar Cycles (2001–2020). IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 61, 1–9.
Collado-Villaverde, A., Muñoz, P., & Cid, C. (2024). Classifying and bounding geomagnetic storms based on the SYM-H and ASY-H indices. Natural Hazards, 120(2), 1141–1162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-023-06241-1
Imtiaz, N., Dugassa, T., Calabia, A., & Kashcheyev, A. (2023). Longitudinal dependence of ionospheric irregularities to maximum ring current and PPEF sensed by GNSS and magnetometers during the storm of 4 November 2021. Ournal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 5. https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.168298684.44695925/v1
Kassa, Y., Tebabal, A., & Damtie, B. (2024). Nighttime ionospheric irregularity during intense geomagnetic storm events over the Europe-African longitudinal sector. Heliyon, 10(19), e38138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38138
Li, W., Song, S., & Jin, X. (2022). Ionospheric Scintillation Monitoring With ROTI From Geodetic Receiver: Limitations and Performance Evaluation. Radio Science, 57(5), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021RS007420
Mondal, M., Kumar, S., Banola, S., & Singh, A. K. (2024). Occurrence of ionospheric scintillations under different solar and geomagnetic conditions over low latitude station Varanasi. Advances in Space Research, 73(7), 3658–3674.
Nguyen, C. T., Oluwadare, S. T., Le, N. T., Alizadeh, M., Wickert, J., & Schuh, H. (2022). Spatial and temporal distributions of ionospheric irregularities derived from regional and global roti maps. Remote Sensing, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010010
Nguyen Thanh, D., Le Huy, M., Amory-Mazaudier, C., Fleury, R., Saito, S., Nguyen Chien, T., Pham Thi Thu, H., Le Truong, T., & Nguyen Thi, M. (2021). Characterization of ionospheric irregularities over Vietnam and adjacent region for the 2008-2018 period. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences. https://doi.org/10.15625/2615-9783/16502
Olabode, A. O., & Ariyibi, E. A. (2020). Geomagnetic storm main phase effect on the equatorial ionosphere over Ile–Ife as measured from GPS observations. Scientific African, 9, e00472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00472
Ondede, G. O., Rabiu, A. B., Okoh, D., Baki, P., Olwendo, J., Shiokawa, K., & Otsuka, Y. (2022). Relationship between geomagnetic storms and occurrence of ionospheric irregularities in the west sector of Africa during the peak of the 24th solar cycle. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences, 9(November), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.969235
Uga, C. I., Gautam, S. P., & Seba, E. B. (2024). TEC disturbances caused by CME-triggered geomagnetic storm of September 6–9, 2017. Heliyon, 10(10), e30725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30725
Vankadara, R. K., Panda, S. K., Amory-Mazaudier, C., Fleury, R., Devananboyina, V. R., Pant, T. K., Jamjareegulgarn, P., Haq, M. A., Okoh, D., & Seemala, G. K. (2022). Signatures of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles and Ionospheric Scintillations from Magnetometer and GNSS Observations in the Indian Longitudes during the Space Weather Events of Early September 2017. Remote Sensing, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14030652
Zhao, X., Li, G., Xie, H., Hu, L., Sun, W., Yang, S., Li, Y., Ning, B., & Takahashi, H. (2021). The Prediction of Day-to-Day Occurrence of Low Latitude Ionospheric Strong Scintillation Using Gradient Boosting Algorithm. Space Weather, 19(12), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021SW002884
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Angelikus Olla, Fernince Ina Pote, Asnawi Husin
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Please find the rights and licenses in JIF (Jurnal Ilmu Fisika).
1. License
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Creative Commons Attribution license as currently displayed on Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
2. Author's Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author(s), has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
JIF's spirit is to disseminate articles published are as free as possible. Under the Creative Commons license, JIF permits users to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work for non-commercial purposes only. Users will also need to attribute authors and JIF on distributing works in the journal.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- Copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale,
- The right to self-archive the article.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was jointly prepared by other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Termination
This agreement can be terminated by the author or JIF upon two months's notice where the other party has materially breached this agreement and failed to remedy such breach within a month of being given the terminating party's notice requesting such breach to be remedied. No breach or violation of this agreement will cause this agreement or any license granted in it to terminate automatically or affect the definition of JIF.
7. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by JIF or its sublicensee.
8. Miscellaneous
JIF will publish the article (or have it published) in the journal if the article's editorial process is successfully completed and JIF or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. JIF may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, referencing and usage that it deems appropriate. The author acknowledges that the article may be published so that it will be publicly accessible and such access will be free of charge for the readers.
